Determination of Air Quality Life Index (Aqli) in Medinipur City of West Bengal(India) During 2019 To 2020 : A contextual Study

Abstract

The Air Quality Index (AQI) utilized in various nations doesn't plainly show how much air pollution influences the average life expectancy (LE). This study explicitly shows how much air pollutants (especially atmospheric particulate matter) reduce the average LE of an individual in a given year in a specific city. This study has determined the Air Quality Life Index (AQLI) and has shown a reduction in the average LE of each resident of Medinipur city in 2019 and 2020. The reduction in human LE due to particulate matter pollution is actually based on a pair of semi-experimental variation studies, especially in the Chinese setting, derived from the impact of coarse particles (PM10: particle size ranges between 2.5 micrometers and 10 micrometers) on the northern and southern border populace of the China Huai River. The results showed that “an additional 10 micrograms per cubic meter of PM10 exposure reduces LE by 0.64 yrs’’.1 The methodology used in this study is based on the University of Chicago Energy Policy Institute's (EPIC) epidemiological estimates that provide the most acceptable and modified equation for determining global AQLI, which uses PM2.5 to PM10 ratios due to global PM10 data unavailability and recommends that ‘additional sustainable exposure to fine particles or PM2.5 (particle size less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers) reduces LE by 0.98 years per 10 micrograms per cubic meter’ which was followed by a pair of experimental results by Chen et al. (2013) and Ebenstein et al. (2017) on the impacts of long-term PM pollution on permanent residents of both the north and south sides of the China Huai River.2 Regional or global previous fine particle (PM2.5) densities are measured at a specific resolution using an integrated geophysical-statistical method that provides the global fine particulate or PM2.5 data3 used to determine the AQLI of a country or city, although PM2.5 concentrations are considered for world atmospheric pollution because atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5) invades the deeper structures of the respiratory tract and has a more harmful or toxic impact on humans than coarse particles (PM10).4,5 Therefore, the current annual PM2.5 data is used by the ground-based monitor of PM2.5 concentration to determine the AQLI of the respective city in this study. The results of the study have shown that the current annual concentration of PM2.5 obtained from BreezoMeter and PMS3003 at four selected stations (S1 to S4) in Medinipur city ranged from 23 to 29 µg/m³ per year and the average LE loss in Medinipur varied from 1.3 years to 1.87 years per person, which may be caused by cardiopulmonary disease and lung cancer.