Pretreatment, Hydrolysis and Fermentation of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Bioethanol

Abstract

Currently, only bioethanol may be used in fuel systems without requiring significant changes to the fuel distribution system. Furthermore, burning bioethanol creates the same amount of CO2 as the plant produces when growing, therefore it does not contribute to the increase in the greenhouse effect. Biodiesel can be made from plants that produce sugar or plants that contain starch (wheat, corn, etc.). However, producing bioethanol on a large scale necessitates the use of vast swaths of land for maize or sugarcane farming. Lignocellulosic biomass, such as agricultural leftovers, may be a solution to this problem, despite technical issues, due to its great availability and low cost. In this article, we will go over the many methods for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass, as well as the several fermentation procedures that can be used to get bioethanol from it.