Towards the Politicization of Artificial Intelligence in the EU? External Influences and Internal Dynamics

Abstract

This paper explores the politicization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) within the EU, examining the interplay between internal dynamics and external influences, particularly from the United States and China. The study aims to identify early signs of politicization in the EU’s AI debate and compare the EU’s AI policy model with those of the US and China. The hypothesis posits that EU public debate on AI is politicized, shaped by both internal factors and responses to external AI policy models. The research uses comparative policy analysis and content analysis. Findings indicate a growing salience of AI in public discourse, evidenced by increased media attention and engagement from a wide range of actors. However, significant polarization on AI issues within the EU is not yet evident. The study also highlights the EU’s strategic response to external AI models, emphasizing a balance between innovation, digital sovereignty, and the protection of democratic values and fundamental rights.