Abstract
During the Hallstatt period in Central Europe, profound cultural, economic, and social changes occurred. This is due to the emergence of new technologies ‒ primarily iron metallurgy. Another element is the vicinity of the dominant economic system, i.e., the broadly understood Mediterranean civi-lization, especially the Etruscan cities in Italy. These asymmetrical relationships forced social changes in the areas north of the Alps. An important factor was probably the slave trade, which forced violence and armed struggle. This resulted in a progressive militarization, which is visible through the construction of defensive settlements and the strengthening of farms. The consequence was extreme social stratification and the domination of aristocratic elites. Thus, the stability of such a system depended on the relationship with the dominant partner. In a situation of disruption of relationships, a crisis must have arisen, resulting in the collapse of this culture model.
Publisher
Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan
Reference122 articles.
1. Alfawicka, S. (1970). Ceramika malowana okresu halsztackiego w Polsce. Wrocław - Warszawa - Kraków: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich.
2. Arnold, B. (1988). Slavery in late prehistoric Europe: Recovering the evidence for social structure in Iron Age Society. W: D. Blair, Gibson, M. N. Geselowitz (red.), Tribe and polity in late prehistoric Europe: demography, production, and exchange in the evolution of complex social systems (s. 179-192). New York - London: Plenum Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0777-6_8
3. Arnold, B. (1999a). The material culture of social structure: rank and status in early Iron Age Europe. W: B. Arnold, D. Blair Gibson (red.), Celtic chiefdom, Celtic state. The evolution of complex social systems in prehistoric Europe (s. 43-52). Cambridge: University Press.
4. Arnold, B. (1999b). 'Drinking the Feast': Alcohol and the Legitimation of Power In Celtic Europe. Cambridge Archaeological Jurnal, 9(1), 77-93. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959774300015213
5. Arystoteles (2001). Polityka (Dzieła wszystkie. T. 6) (przełożył, słowem wstępnym i komentarzem opatrzył Ludwik Piotrowicz, wstępem poprzedził Mikołaj Szymański). Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.