Groby o domniemanych skandynawskich atrybucjach etno-kulturowych z obszaru państwa pierwszych Piastów w kontekście archeologicznych paradygmatów badawczych

Abstract

In spite of the differences in the interpretation of early medieval graves of the discussed Norman or Ruthenian attribution, derivatives of different theoretical and cognitive paradigms, successive generations of researchers are united in their conviction of the exceptional nature of these graves in the Oder-Vistula interfluve. Archaeologists are also unanimous in treating them as burials from the 2nd half of the 10th to the 1st half of the 11th century which present a set of specific burial practices, distinguishing one of the groups of the secular elite of the first Piast state. However, researchers have different views on ethno-cultural valorisation of the discovered objects. In this case, the author maintains his earlier opinion that the burial practices of the individuals buried there are ‘rooted’ in the Scandinavian model of funerary culture of the Viking period. However, in the research process, it cannot be a sufficient premise for prejudging the ethnos. In order to give credibility to the conclusions, in line with the modern model of integrated multidisciplinary research, the hypotheses formulated by archaeology require verification by the results of molecular and isotopic studies of human bones. Limiting the ethnic study of archaeology’s necropolis sources to the indications of bio- and geochemistry is cognitively inadequate, as aDNA analyses only establish biological affinities. Isotopic studies determine the relationship of a deceased person to a specific geographical region, in both cases providing no insight into important aspects of early medieval human life like the mentality-determining membership of a socially and politically organised religious and mythic-ethnic-cultural community.