Cardiovascular events in patients treated with chimeric antigen receptor t-cell therapy for aggressive B-cell lymphoma

Abstract

Standard of care (SOC) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies such as axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) and tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel) are associated with multisystem toxicities. There is limited information available about cardiovascular (CV) events associated with SOC axi-cel or tisa-cel. Patients with CV comorbidities, organ dysfunction, or lower performance status were often excluded in the clinical trials leading to their FDA approval. An improved understanding of CV toxicities in the real-world setting will better inform therapy selection and management of patients receiving these cellular therapies. Here, we retrospectively reviewed the characteristics and outcomes of adult patients with relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma treated with SOC axi-cel or tisa-cel. Among the 165 patients evaluated, 27 (16%) developed at least one 30-day Major adverse CV event (MACE). Cumulatively, these patients experienced 21 arrhythmias, 4 exacerbations of heart failure/cardiomyopathy, 4 cerebrovascular accidents, 3 myocardial infarctions (MI), and one patient died due to MI. Factors significantly associated with an increased risk of 30-d MACE included age ≥60 years, an earlier start of cytokine release syndrome (CRS), CRS ≥ grade 3, long duration of CRS, and use of tocilizumab. After a median follow-up time of 16.2 months (range 14.3-19.1), the occurrence of 30-d MACE was not significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS) or with overall survival (OS). Our results suggest that the occurrence of 30-d MACE is more frequent among patients who are elderly, with early, severe, and prolonged CRS. However, with limited followup, larger prospective studies are needed, and multidisciplinary management of these patients is recommended.