Daratumumab in first-line treatment of patients with light chain amyloidosis and Mayo stage IIIb improves treatment response and overall survival

Abstract

Treatment of patients with Mayo stage IIIb light chain (AL) amyloidosis remains challenging, and prognosis remains very poor. Mayo IIIb patients were excluded from the pivotal trial leading to the approval of daratumumab in combination with bortezomib-cyclophosphamide-dexamethasone. This retrospective, multicenter study evaluates the addition of daratumumab to the first-line therapy in patients with newly diagnosed stage IIIb AL amyloidosis. In total, data from 119 consecutive patients were analyzed, 27 patients received an upfront treatment including daratumumab, 63 a bortezomib-based regimen without daratumumab, 8 received therapies other than daratumumab or bortezomib and 21 pretreated patients or deceased prior to treatment were excluded. In the daratumumab group, median overall survival was not reached after a median follow-up time of 14.5 months, while it was significantly worse in the bortezomib- and the otherwise treated group (6.6 and 2.2 months, respectively) (p=0.002). Overall hematologic response rate at 2 and 6 months was better in the daratumumab compared to the bortezomib group (59% vs. 37%, p=0.12, 67% vs. 41%, p=0.04, respectively). Landmark survival analyses revealed a significantly improved overall survival in patients with partial hematologic response or better, compared to non-responders. Cardiac response at 6 months was in the daratumumab-, bortezomib- and otherwise treated group 46%, 21%, 0%, respectively (p=0.04). A landmark survival analysis revealed markedly improved overall survival in patients with cardiac very good partial response vs. cardiac non-responders (p=0.002). This study demonstrates for the first time the superiority of an upfront treatment with daratumumab over standard-of-care in stage IIIb AL amyloidosis.