Plasmacytoid dendritic cells proliferation associated with acute myeloid leukemia: phenotype profile and mutation landscape

Author:

Zalmaï Loria,Viailly Pierre-Julien,Biichle Sabeha,Cheok Meyling,Soret Lou,Angelot-Delettre Fanny,Petrella Tony,Collonge-Rame Marie-Agnès,Seilles Estelle,Geffroy Sandrine,Deconinck Eric,Daguindau Etienne,Bouyer Sabrina,Dindinaud Elodie,Baunin Victor,Le Garff-Tavernier Magali,Roos-Weil Damien,Wagner-Ballon Orianne,Salaun Véronique,Feuillard Jean,Brun Sophie,Drenou Bernard,Mayeur-Rousse Caroline,Okamba Patricia,Dorvaux Véronique,Tichionni Michel,Rose Johann,Rubio Marie Thérèse,Jacob Marie Christine,Raggueneau Victoria,Preudhomme Claude,Saas Philippe,Ferrand Christophe,Adotevi Olivier,Roumier Christophe,Jardin Fabrice,Garnache-Ottou Francine,Renosi Florian

Abstract

Neoplasms involving plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells (pDCs) include Blastic pDC Neoplasms (BPDCN) and other pDC proliferations, where pDCs are associated with myeloid malignancies: most frequently Chronic MyeloMonocytic Leukemia (CMML) but also Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), hereafter named pDC-AML. We aimed to determine the reactive or neoplastic origin of pDCs in pDC-AML, and their link with the CD34+ blasts, monocytes or conventional DCs (cDCs) associated in the same sample, by phenotypic and molecular analyses (targeted NGS, 70 genes). We compared 15 pDC-AML at diagnosis with 21 BPDCN and 11 normal pDCs from healthy donors. CD45low CD34+ blasts were found in all cases (10-80% of medullar cells), associated with pDCs (4-36%), monocytes in 14 cases (1-10%) and cDCs (2 cases, 4.8-19%). pDCs in pDC-AML harbor a clearly different phenotype from BPDCN: CD4+ CD56- in 100% of cases, most frequently CD303+, CD304+ and CD34+; lower expression of cTCL1 and CD123 with isolated lymphoid markers (CD22/CD7/CD5) in some cases, suggesting a pre-pDC stage. In all cases, pDCs, monocytes and cDC are neoplastic since they harbor the same mutations as CD34+ blasts. RUNX1 is the most commonly mutated gene: detected in all AML with minimal differentiation (M0-AML) but not in the other cases. Despite low number of cases, the systematic association between M0-AML, RUNX1 mutations and an excess of pDC is puzzling. Further evaluation in a larger cohort is required to confirm RUNX1 mutations in pDC-AML with minimal differentiation and to investigate whether it represents a proliferation of blasts with macrophage and DC progenitor potential.

Publisher

Ferrata Storti Foundation (Haematologica)

Subject

Hematology

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