Cephalometric characteristics of the upper respiratory tract in Ukrainian young men and young women with an orthognathic bite without and with the type of face taken into account

Abstract

The upper respiratory tract is a component of the respiratory system, which ensures the performance of several key human functions at once. The variability of cephalometric indicators of this structure of the human body, depending on the peculiarities of body structure, nationality, sex, and other factors, is one of the current topics of discussion among modern scientists. The purpose of the study is to establish the peculiarities of the cephalometric characteristics of the upper respiratory tract in young people without pathology of the upper respiratory tract with an orthognathic bite without and taking into account the type of face. For 72 Ukrainian young women and 46 young men with an orthognathic bite and the absence of pathology of the upper respiratory tract, taken from the database of the research center and the pediatric dentistry department of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, determination of cephalometric parameters of the upper respiratory tract itself was carried out. The face type of young women and young men was determined using Garson's morphological index. The statistical analysis of the obtained results was carried out in the licensed statistical package “Statistica 6.0” using non-parametric estimation methods. In Ukrainian young women and young men without and taking into account the type of face, the percentile range of cephalometric parameters of the upper respiratory tract proper was established (distance PASmin – the size of the retroglossal oropharyngeal airway space, distance PM-UPW – the size of the nasopharyngeal airway space, distance U-MPW – the size of the retropalatal oropharyngeal airway space, distance V-LPW – the size of the hypopharyngeal airway space, area UAA – the size of the upper airway area). Sex differences (significantly greater, or a tendency towards greater values in young men) of distance V-LPW values were found in representatives without taking into account the face type by 13.8 %, with a wide face type – by 11.6 % and with a narrow face type – by 15.9 %; as well as the size of the UAA area in representatives without taking into account the face type by 20.6%, with a very wide face type – by 21.2 %, with a wide face type – by 21.6 % and with an average face type – by 23.1 %. Both in young women and in young men, no reliable differences or trends in the magnitude of the cephalometric parameters of the upper respiratory tract between representatives with different types of faces were established.