Cephalometric parameters of the upper and lower jaws according to the COGS method in Ukrainian young men and young women with orthognathic occlusion depending on the type of face

Abstract

The key to successful orthodontic treatment is the use of a delicate, modern, accurate and scientifically sound method of intervention planning. In addition, it is critical that this method takes into account as many variables as possible that may affect the final result. Given these criteria, the most appropriate for planning orthodontic treatment is cephalometric analysis of lateral teleradiograms, which, however, requires preliminary clinical trials to adapt it to the local population. The aim of the study was to establish the features of cephalometric parameters of the upper and lower jaws, determined according to the COGS method, in Ukrainian young men and young women with orthognathic occlusion depending on the type of face. According to the COGS method, cephalometry was performed for 46 young men (aged 17 to 21) and 72 young women (aged 16 to 20) who belonged in three generations to Caucasian residents of Ukraine and had an orthognathic bite. OnyxCeph³™ software, 3DPro version, Image Instruments GmbH, Germany was used for cephalometric analysis of the upper and lower jaws. Determination of the type of face of young men and young women was carried out according to the values of the morphological index of Garson. Statistical processing of the obtained results was performed in the license package "Statistica 6.0" using non-parametric evaluation methods. The following significant or tendencies of differences between linear and angular parameters of the upper and lower jaws were found between young women with different face types: in young women with a very wide face type – lower values of ANS-Me distance and N-A-Pog, MP-HP angles (compared to other types face) and Ar-Go-Gn (compared to medium and narrow face types), as well as larger values of the distances N-B and N-Pog (compared to other face types); in young women with medium face type – smaller the values of the distances N-A (compared to other face types), N-B and N-Pog (compared to wide and narrow face types), Go-Pog (compared to very wide face type), A-B (compared to a wide face type), as well as larger values of the distance B-Pog and angles MP-HP and Ar-Go-Gn (compared to a wide face type); representatives with a narrow face type have higher values of the distances N-ANS (compared to other face types), B-Pog (compared to very wide and wide face types), PNS-N (compared to a wide face type). The following significant or tendencies of differences between linear and angular indicators of the upper and lower jaws were found between young men with different face types: representatives with very wide face type have higher values of N-B, N-Pog, ANS-PNS distances (compared to average face type), Ar-Go (compared to wide and medium face types), A-B (compared to medium and narrow face types) and N-A (compared to narrow face types), as well as smaller MP-HP angle values (compared to other face types); representatives with a narrow face type have larger values of PNS-N (compared to other face types) and N-ANS (compared to very wide and wide face types), as well as smaller values of N-A-Pog angle (compared to average face type); representatives with medium face type have only smaller values of the ANS-PNS distance (compared to wide face type). Young men with different face types also have larger upper linear dimensions of the upper and lower jaws than in young women with different face types; and in young women mainly with narrow and medium face types – angular indicators of the upper and lower jaws.