Abstract
Annotation. Atrial fibrillation is a polyetiological disease caused not only by the natural aging of the population, but also by chronic cardiovascular diseases and the influence of various risk factors. That is why the purpose of this review was to highlight current and modern views on etiological factors that play a significant role in the development of atrial fibrillation. The analysis of scientific articles and materials from the scientometric databases PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Crossref, WorldCat was carried out. Demonstrated morphological (enlargement and fibrosis of the left atrium, more massive deposition of calcium in the subendothelial layer, and in rare cases, the development of isolated atrial amyloidosis) and electrophysiological changes (reduction of mitochondrial Ca2+ content, shortening of the effective refractory period, impaired repolarization) of the atria of the heart at autopsy patients with atrial fibrillation and established risk factors for the development of this pathology. Morphological signs of atrial myocardium remodeling in patients with atrial fibrillation are also indicated. In addition to the most common risk factors, namely: age, arterial hypertension, heart failure, coronary heart disease, diabetes, obesity and alcohol abuse, the following are highlighted in recent publications: narcotic substances (methamphetamine, cocaine, cannabis), race belonging to Caucasians, sex-specific features (female gender and fluctuations in estrogen levels), genetic predisposition and hyperaldosteronism against the background of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia. Optimal and timely treatment aimed at the above-mentioned etiological factors will reduce the risk of developing this disease and improve the quality of life of patients.
Publisher
Vinnytsia National Pyrogov Memorial Medical University