Analysis of clinical and anatomical characteristics of road transport injuries in the conditions of a rural location. Anatomical verification of damage

Abstract

Annotation. Road traffic injury remains one of the main causes of injury and disability not only in Ukraine, but also in the developed countries of the world. Objective – to verify and determine the clinical and anatomical characteristics of traffic injuries in victims in rural areas. The study was conducted in the order of an epidemiological experiment on a natural type model, which was formed in accordance with the law of large numbers and has typical features of the rural areas of Ukraine, the array of the study consists of 315 cases of victims as a result of traffic accidents, which exceeds the estimated volume of the necessary. The analysis of the actual material is done using the laws of formal logic, methods of parametric, non-parametric and factor statistical analysis using the computer program STATISTICA. As a result of the study, it was established that in the general array, head and neck injuries are most common (94.60%), chest injuries are the second most common (63.17%), limb injuries are the third (53.33%), and abdominal trauma is the least common (11.11%). In addition, in the general array of the study, the highest mortality rate was recorded in victims with injuries to the pelvis and abdomen (54.55% and 40.00%, respectively). Among all road users, the cranial component is the most common, with an index above 90%. Among all road users, thoracic injuries with a rate above 60% (60.53% - 68.63%) are in second place by specific gravity, and limb injuries are in third place with 47.30% - 56.86%. Abdominal injuries are the least common among drivers – only 5.88%, passengers have the least common pelvic injuries (10.81%), and pedestrians also have the least common abdominal injuries (10.00%). There are typical injuries for drivers – damage to the chest due to a steering wheel injury, for passengers – abdomen and chest, for pedestrians – damage to the abdomen, pelvis, limbs. Thus, among victims of traffic accidents, the head is most often injured in the general massif – 94.60%, the chest – 63.17%, and the limbs – 53.33%. Road traffic injury in rural areas is multi-component, on average, victims receive 2.56 injuries, and this indicates a significant impact of the traumatic agent. In road accident victims, the outcome of the course of the traumatic process depends on the specifically damaged anatomical and functional site (AFS) and moderately depends on the combination of injuries (the combination coefficient is 2.55 for survivors and 2.57 for those who died. The fatality rate in road accident victims probably depends on the damage to a specific AFS, the highest fatality rate was recorded in victims with a pelvic injury of 57.14%.