Clinical and morphological changes of the cardiovascular system in patients with cardioneurosis (neurocirculatory dystonia)

Abstract

The term “cardioneurosis” (neurocirculatory dystonia (NCD)) refers to somatoform dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, which is caused by the imbalance of the sympathetic, parasympathetic and metasympathetic parts of the nervous system. It is a polyetiological disease characterized by multiple clinical symptoms, mainly from the cardiovascular system, which occur and aggravate against the background of acute and chronic stress effects, but has a benign course and a good prognosis. Despite the functional nature of the disease, pathology of the cardiovascular system in some patients may transform into organic one after a certain period of time. Due to the significant prevalence of NCD in the overall structure of cardiovascular diseases (up to 50%), especially among young and able-bodied people, the study of clinical features and the search for a morphological substrate of cardioneurosis is relevant. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of NCD on the heart connective tissue matrix (CTM) and the appearance of cardiac syndromes in NCD, their clinical manifestations on the part of the cardiovascular system. The analysis is based on a review of national and foreign original articles and research, using databases PubMed, eLIBRARY.RU, Web of Science. The article deals with the clinical features of cardioneurosis, in particular the appearance of cardiac syndromes in NCD and their clinical manifestations, as well as the role of structural disorders in CTM, as in a locus of primary neurovascular and neuroendocrine interactions. CTM changes that occur with NCD are associated with pathology which is caused by damage to the connective tissue, and in particular with non-differentiated dysplasia of connective tissue. Therefore, systemic dysplastic changes in CTM may be a marker of constitutional psycho-vegetative insufficiency and a morphological substrate of NCD.