The human microbiome and modern approaches to its preservation (analytical review)

Abstract

Annotation. The article is devoted to the analysis of modern data on the diversity of the microbiome of the human body and the characteristics of the latest trends for its preservation. Scientific search engines, databases of electronic resources PubMed, IRBIS, and Google Scholar were used for information analysis using bibliosemantic, system review methods. The results of research by Ukrainian and foreign scientists indicate a huge positive influence of the microbiome of the human body on physiological and biochemical processes. Specialists in biology and medicine differentiate the microbiome as an “organ”- system that participates in the processes of digestion and metabolism, provides protective functions of mucous membranes, and supports the immune system in working order. The analytical review presents modern data on the formation of the human microbiome as a result of the joint long-term evolution of the human body with microorganisms that inhabited its biotopes. References from scientific sources on the study of the localization of the microbiome and the interaction of microorganisms of different biotopes to maintain homeostasis are discussed in the work. Modern scientific data provide examples of microbiome disturbances in the etiology of human diseases. In particular, changes in the microbiome correlate with the occurrence of gastrointestinal and systemic diseases. Discussions continue among scientists about the causes of dysbiosis and ways to correct it. An analysis of the results of research on the feasibility of using certain means of improving the microbiome with the help of probiotics and intestinal microbiota transplantation was carried out. The article presents the latest classification of probiotic preparations, requirements for modern means of dysbiosis correction, and approaches to the creation of immobilized probiotics.