Distribution of HCV genotypes and HCV RNA viral load in hepatitis infected patients of Kolar region, Karnataka, India

Abstract

Decisions and disease progression prediction, understanding the distribution of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype and its association with viral load is significant for treatment. Therefore, it is of interest to document the distribution pattern of HCV genotypes and their association with viral load among HCV infected patients in Kolar, Karnataka. Seventy-four HCV-positive patients and not on antiviral therapy were enrolled from R.L. Jalappa hospital in Kolar, Karnataka. Blood samples were taken and demographics were recorded. HCV RNA was isolated after plasma was separated. qPCR was performed to measure the viral load, and RT-PCR was performed to determine the genotype. Genotype 3 was the prevalent (n=11, 40.7%) followed by genotype 4 (n=8, 29.6%), 2 (n=6, 22.2%), 1 (n= 13.7%), and mix (n=1, 13.7%). The median viral load of genotype 3 was a 2,87,835 IU/mL (IQR 10, 780-3, 71, 66) , genotype 2 was 81,030 IU/mL (IQR 66,495-95,565), genotype 4 was 43, 410 IU/mL (IQR 38, 355-48, 465) belongs to viral load less than 8,00,000 IU/mL. The median viral load genotype 3 was a 1, 05, 19, 500 IU/mL (IQR 49, 37, 250-2, 36, 71, 500), genotype 2 was 2,55,99,000 IU/mL ( IQR 2,00,10,000-32,725,500), genotype 4 was 1,67,40,000 IU/mL (IQR 1,45,50,000-17,493,000) belonging to viral load more than 8,00,000 IU/mL category. A correlation between genotype and viral load was observed (p =1.5x10-12), of which genotype 3 showed a high viral load. Thus, HCV genotypes 1 2, 3, 4, and mixed genotype was observed in the patients studied. HCV genotype was associated with viral load in patient plasma. This data finds use in the treatment and prevention of hepatitis C in Kolar, Karnataka.