Diagnostic and management challenges in primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma with necrosis, inflammation, and surgical intervention: A case report

Abstract

BACKGROUND Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (PC-ALCL) poses significant diagnostic difficulties due to its similarity in the appearance of skin lesions with chronic inflammatory disorders and other dermatological conditions. This study aims to investigate these challenges by conducting a comprehensive analysis of a case presenting with PC-ALCL, emphasizing the necessity of accurate differentiation for appropriate management. CASE SUMMARY An 89-year-old female patient with diabetes and hypertension presented with arm and abdominal ulcerated mass lesions. Diagnostic procedures included skin biopsies, histopathological assessments, and immunohistochemistry, complemented by advanced imaging techniques to confirm the diagnosis. The patient’s lesions were determined as PC-ALCL, characterized by necrosis, chronic inflammation, and a distinct immunophenotypic profile, including CD30, CD3, CD4, and EBER, CD56, MUM-1, Ki 67-positive in > 80% of tumor cells, CD10, but negative for anaplastic lymphoma kinase, CD5, CD20, PAX-5, Bcl-2, Bcl-6, CD8, and CD15. Recurrence was not reported at the 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSION Accurate PC-ALCL differentiation from similar conditions is crucial for effective management and requires a multidisciplinary approach.