Affiliation:
1. İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ-CERRAHPAŞA
Abstract
This study focuses on the detailed physical characterization of 4-HPG, a significant impurity found in some of the most commonly prescribed β-lactam antibiotics worldwide. Various analytical techniques, including X-ray powder diffractometry, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, and Raman spectroscopy, were employed to characterize the properties of 4-HPG crystals. XRD analysis revealed the crystallinity and small crystallite sizes of 4-HPG particles, supported by DLS and SEM analyses. FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy results exhibited excellent agreement, providing insight into the structural characterization of 4-HPG. Thermal analysis revealed a two-stage degradation feature of 4-HPG. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of 4-HPG's structure and its impact on antibiotic stability.
Publisher
The Turkish Chemical Society
Reference39 articles.
1. 1. McGinity JW. Drug Stability: Principles and Practices. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 1991;80(1):98.
2. 2. Ohannesian L, Streeter A. Handbook of pharmaceutical analysis: CRC Press; 2001.
3. 3. Fiese E, Hagen T. Preformulation In: The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy. Lachman L, Lieberman HA, Kanig JL. Varghese Publishing House; 1990.
4. 4. Wadke DA, Serajuddin AT, Jacobson H. Preformulation testing. Pharmaceutical dosage forms: Tablets. 1989; 1:1-73.
5. 5. Carstensen JT. Pharmaceutical preformulation: crc Press; 1998.