Physiological Properties of the Lamina I Spinoparabrachial Neurons in the Rat

Abstract

Single-unit extracellular recordings of spino-parabrachial (spino-PB) neurons ( n = 53) antidromically driven from the contralateral parabrachial (PB) area were performed in the lumbar cord in anesthetized rats. All the spino-PB neurons were located in the lamina I of the dorsal horn. Their axons exhibited conduction velocities between 2.8 and 27.8 m/s, in the thin myelinated fibers range. They had an extremely low spontaneous activity (median = 0.064 Hz) and a small excitatory receptive field (≤2 toes or pads). They were all activated by both peripheral A (mainly Aδ) and C fibers after intense transcutaneous electrical stimulation. Their discharge always increased in response to noxious natural stimuli of increasing intensities. The great majority (75%) of spino-PB neurons were nociceptive specific, i.e., they were excited only by noxious stimuli. The remaining (25%) still were excited primarily by noxious stimuli but also responded moderately to innocuous stimuli. Almost all spino-PB neurons (92%, 49/53) were activated by both mechanical and heat noxious stimuli. Among them, 35% were in addition moderately activated by noxious cold (thresholds between +20 and −10°C). Only (8%, 4/53) responded exclusively to noxious heat. Spino-PB neurons clearly encoded the intensity of mechanical ( n = 39) and thermal ( n = 38) stimuli in the noxious range, and most of the individual stimulus-response functions were monotonic and positive up to 40/60 N · cm−2 and 50°C, respectively. For the mechanical modality, the mean threshold was 11.5 ± 1.25 N · cm−2 (mean ± SE), the response increased almost linearly with the logarithm of the pressure between 10 and 60 N · cm−2, the mean p 50(pressure evoking 50% of the maximum response) and the maximum responsiveness were: 30 ± 2.4 N · cm−2 and 40.5 ± 5 Hz, respectively. For the thermal modality, the mean threshold was 43.6 ± 0.5°C, the mean curve had a general sigmoid aspect, the steepest portion being in the 46–48°C interval, the mean t 50 and the maximum responsiveness were: 47.4 ± 0.3°C and 40 ± 4.4 Hz, respectively. Most of the spino-PB neurons tested (13/16) had their noxiously evoked responses clearly inhibited by heterotopic noxious stimuli. The mean response to noxious stimuli during heterotopic stimuli was 31.7 ± 6.1% of the control response. We conclude that the nociceptive properties of the lamina I spino-PB neurons are reflected largely by those of PB neurons that were suggested to be involved in autonomic and emotional/aversive aspects of pain.