Postactivation potentiation, fiber type, and twitch contraction time in human knee extensor muscles

Abstract

In small mammals, muscles with shorter twitch contraction times and a predominance of fast-twitch, type II fibers exhibit greater posttetanic twitch force potentiation than muscles with longer twitch contraction times and a predominance of slow-twitch, type I fibers. In humans, the correlation between potentiation and fiber-type distribution has not been found consistently. In the present study, postactivation potentiation (PAP) was induced in the knee extensors of 20 young men by a 10-s maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVC). Maximal twitch contractions of the knee extensors were evoked before and after the MVC. A negative correlation ( r = −0.73, P < 0.001) was found between PAP and pre-MVC twitch time to peak torque (TPT). The four men with the highest (HPAP, 104 ± 11%) and lowest (LPAP, 43 ± 7%) PAP values ( P < 0.0001) underwent needle biopsies of vastus lateralis. HPAP had a greater percentage of type II fibers (72 ± 9 vs. 39 ± 7%, P < 0.001) and shorter pre-MVC twitch TPT (61 ± 12 vs. 86 ± 7 ms, P < 0.05) than LPAP. These data indicate that, similar to the muscles of small mammals, human muscles with shorter twitch contraction times and a higher percentage of type II fibers exhibit greater PAP.