Integrated response of the upper and lower respiratory tract of asthmatic subjects to frigid air

Abstract

To evaluate the influence of cold air hyperpnea on integrated upper and lower airway behavior, 22 asthmatic volunteers hyperventilated through their mouths (OHV) and noses (NHV) while pulmonary and nasal function were determined individually and in combination. In the isolated studies, OHV at a minute ventilation of 65 ± 3 l/min lowered the 1-s forced expiratory volume (FEV1) 24 ± 2% ( P < 0.001) and NHV (40 l/min) induced a 31 ± 9% ( P < 0.001) increase in nasal resistance (NR). In the combined studies, oral hyperpnea reduced the FEV1(ΔFEV1 26 ± 2%, P < 0.001) and evoked a significant rise in NR (ΔNR 26 ± 9%, P = 0.01). In contrast, NHV only affected the upper airway. NR rose 33 ± 9% ( P = 0.01), but airway caliber did not change (ΔFEV1 2%, P = 0.27). The results of this investigation demonstrate that increasing the transfer of heat and water in the lower respiratory tract alters bronchial and nasal function in a linked fashion. Forcing the nose to augment its heat-exchanging activity, however, reduces nasal caliber but has no effect on the intrathoracic airways.