Species-specific metabolic responses of songbird, shorebird, and murine cultured myotubes to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Author:

Young Kevin G.1ORCID,Vanderboor Christina M.2,Regnault Timothy R. H.234ORCID,Guglielmo Christopher G.1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biology, Advanced Facility for Avian Research, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada

2. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada

3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada

4. Children’s Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada

Abstract

Migratory birds may benefit from diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that could improve exercise performance. Previous investigations suggest that different types of birds may respond differently to PUFA. We established muscle myocyte cell culture models from muscle satellite cells of a migratory passerine songbird (yellow-rumped warbler, Setophaga coronata coronata) and a nonpasserine shorebird (sanderling, Calidris alba). We differentiated and treated avian myotubes and immortalized murine C2C12 myotubes with n-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and with monounsaturated oleic acid (OA) to compare effects on aerobic performance, metabolic enzyme activities, key fatty acid (FA) transporters, and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Sanderling and C2C12 myotubes increased expression of PPARs with n-3 PUFA treatments, whereas expression was unchanged in yellow-rumped warblers. Both sanderlings and yellow-rumped warblers increased expression of fatty acid transporters, whereas C2C12 cells decreased expression following n-3 PUFA treatments. Only yellow-rumped warbler myotubes increased expression of some metabolic enzymes, whereas the sanderling and C2C12 cells were unchanged. PUFA supplementation in C2C12 myotubes increased mitochondrial respiratory chain efficiency, whereas sanderlings increased proton leak-associated respiration and maximal respiration (measurements were not made in warblers). This research indicates that songbirds and shorebirds respond differently to n-3 PUFA and provides support for the hypothesis that n-3 PUFA increase the aerobic capacity of migrant shorebird muscle, which may improve overall endurance flight performance.

Funder

Gouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

Publisher

American Physiological Society

Subject

Physiology (medical),Physiology

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