Physiological and molecular ontogeny of branchial and extra-branchial urea excretion in posthatch rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Author:

Zimmer Alex M.12,Wood Chris M.12

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and

2. Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Abstract

All teleost fish produce ammonia as a metabolic waste product. In embryos, ammonia excretion is limited by the chorion, and fish must detoxify ammonia by synthesizing urea via the ornithine urea cycle (OUC). Although urea is produced by embryos and larvae, urea excretion (Jurea) is typically low until yolk sac absorption, increasing thereafter. The aim of this study was to determine the physiological and molecular characteristics of Jurea by posthatch rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). Following hatch, whole body urea concentration decreased over time, while Jurea increased following yolk sac absorption. From 12 to 40 days posthatch (dph), extra-branchial routes of excretion accounted for the majority of Jurea, while the gills became the dominant site for Jurea only after 55 dph. This represents the most delayed branchial ontogeny of any process studied to date. Urea transporter (UT) gene expression in the gills and skin increased over development, consistent with increases in branchial and extra-branchial Jurea. Following exposure to 25 mmol/l urea, the accumulation and subsequent elimination of exogenous urea was much greater at 55 dph than 12 dph, consistent with increased UT expression. Notably, UT gene expression in the gills of 55 dph larvae increased in response to high urea. In summary, there is a clear increase in urea transport capacity over posthatch development, despite a decrease in OUC activity.

Funder

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)

Publisher

American Physiological Society

Subject

Physiology (medical),Physiology

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1. Adaptation of the carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase enzyme in an extremophile fish;Royal Society Open Science;2020-10

2. Ontogeny of urea and ammonia transporters in mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) early life stages;Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology;2019-03

3. BSA/ASN/Pol407 nanoparticles for acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment;Biochemical Engineering Journal;2019-01

4. Ammonia and urea handling by early life stages of fishes;Journal of Experimental Biology;2017-11-01

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