Systemic arterial compliance, systemic vascular resistance, and effective arterial elastance during exercise in endurance-trained men

Abstract

Systemic arterial compliance (C) and vascular resistance (R) regulate effective arterial elastance (Ea), an index of artery load. Increases in Ea during exercise are due primarily to reductions of C and maintain optimal ventricular-arterial coupling. Because C at rest and left ventricular functional reserve are greater in endurance-trained (ET) compared with sedentary control (SC) humans, we hypothesized that reductions of C and increases in Ea are greater in ET than SC individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate C, R, and Ea during exercise in ET and SC humans. C, R, Ea, and cardiac cycle length (T) were measured at rest and during exercise of 40, 60, and 80% maximal oxygen uptake using Doppler ultrasonography in 12 SC and 13 ET men. C decreased in an exercise intensity-dependent manner in both groups, but its reductions were greater in the ET than SC subjects. Consequently, although C at rest was greater in the ET than SC group, the intergroup difference in C disappeared during exercise. Exercise-related changes in R/T were relatively slight and R/T was lower in the ET than the SC group, both at rest and during exercise. Although Ea at rest was lower in the ET than SC group, there were no intergroup differences in Ea at 40, 60, or 80% maximal oxygen uptake. We conclude that the reductions of C from rest to exercise are more marked in ET than SC humans. This may be related to the exercise-associated disappearance of the difference in Ea between ET and SC humans.