Right ventricular function and three-dimensional modeling using computer-aided design

Abstract

Right ventricular (RV) volumetric and morphological analysis is complicated by the trabeculations and geometric configuration of the RV chamber. To improve RV analysis, custom computer-aided design programs were employed to obtain RV volumes and three-dimensional models from biplane ventriculograms. Biplane RV ventriculograms were analyzed from 14 anesthetized dogs and 22 RV casts. Computed volumes were highly correlated with reference RV volumes (r = 0.98, n = 36, P less than 0.01) with a range of 5-73 ml. Three-dimensional wire-frame and solid models constructed from the ventriculographic images provided excellent detail and a new perspective in chamber shape. This modeling technique was then used to examine RV volumes, geometric conformation, and regional shortening in 10 pigs during inotropic stimulation and preload reduction. Changes in RV volumes, ejection fraction, and regional motion were detected as well as alterations in chamber conformation. In summary 1) computer-aided design offers an accurate and simplified means to compute RV volumes using basic microcomputer equipment, and 2) three-dimensional reconstruction provided a unique view of RV geometry and a means to examine regional RV function.