Effect of endotoxin on systemic and skeletal muscle O2 extraction

Abstract

Patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) show a pathological dependence of O2 consumption (VO2) on O2 delivery (QO2, blood flow X arterial O2 content). In these patients, a defect in tissues' ability to extract O2 from blood can leave tissue O2 needs unmet, even at a normal QO2. Endotoxin administration produces a similar state in dogs, and we used this model to study mechanisms that may contribute to human pathology. We measured systemic and hindlimb VO2 and QO2 while reducing cardiac output by blood withdrawal. At the onset of supply dependence, the systemic QO2 was 11.4 +/- 2.7 ml.kg-1.min-1 in the endotoxin group vs. 8.0 +/- 0.7 in controls (P less than 0.05). At this point, the endotoxin-treated animals extracted only 61 +/- 11% of the arterial O2, whereas control animals extracted 70 +/- 7% (P less than 0.05). Systemic VO2 rose by 15% after endotoxin (P less than 0.05) but did not change in controls. Despite this poorer systemic ability to extract O2 by the endotoxin-treated dogs, isolated hindlimb O2 extraction at the onset of supply dependence was the same in endotoxin-treated and control dogs. At normal levels of QO2, hindlimb VO2 in endotoxin-treated dogs was 23% higher than in controls (P less than 0.05). Fractional blood flow to skeletal muscle did not differ between control and endotoxin-treated dogs. Thus skeletal muscle was not overperfused in endotoxemia and did not contribute to a systemic extraction defect by stealing blood flow from other tissues. Skeletal muscle in endotoxin-treated dogs demonstrated an increase in VO2 but no defect in O2 extraction, differing in both respects from the intestine.