Affiliation:
1. Department of Family, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367; and United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts 01760
Abstract
Lee, Dae T., Michael M. Toner, William D. McArdle, Ioannis S. Vrabas, and Kent B. Pandolf. Thermal and metabolic responses to cold-water immersion at knee, hip, and shoulder levels. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(5): 1523–1530, 1997.—To examine the effect of cold-water immersion at different depths on thermal and metabolic responses, eight men (25 yr old, 16% body fat) attempted 12 tests: immersed to the knee (K), hip (H), and shoulder (Sh) in 15 and 25°C water during both rest (R) or leg cycling [35% peak oxygen uptake; (E)] for up to 135 min. At 15°C, rectal (Tre) and esophageal temperatures (Tes) between R and E were not different in Sh and H groups ( P > 0.05), whereas both in K group were higher during E than R ( P < 0.05). At 25°C, Tre was higher ( P < 0.05) during E than R at all depths, whereas Tes during E was higher than during R in H and K groups. Tre remained at control levels in K-E at 15°C, K-E at 25°C, and in H-E groups at 25°C, whereas Tes remained unchanged in K-E at 15°C, in K-R at 15°C, and in all 25°C conditions ( P > 0.05). During R and E, the magnitude of Tre change was greater ( P < 0.05) than the magnitude of Tes change in Sh and H groups, whereas it was not different in the K group ( P > 0.05). Total heat flow was progressive with water depth. During R at 15 and 25°C, heat production was not increased in K and H groups from control level ( P > 0.05) but it did increase in Sh group ( P < 0.05). The increase in heat production during E compared with R was smaller ( P < 0.05) in Sh (121 ± 7 W/m2 at 15°C and 97 ± 6 W/m2 at 25°C) than in H (156 ± 6 and 126 ± 5 W/m2, respectively) and K groups (155 ± 4 and 165 ± 6 W/m2, respectively). These data suggest that Tre and Tes respond differently during partial cold-water immersion. In addition, water levels above knee in 15°C and above hip in 25°C cause depression of internal temperatures mainly due to insufficient heat production offsetting heat loss even during light exercise.
Publisher
American Physiological Society
Subject
Physiology (medical),Physiology
Cited by
29 articles.
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