Fish oil slows S phase progression and may cause upstream shift of DHFR replication origin ori-β in CHO cells

Abstract

Fish oils (FOs) have been noted to reduce growth and proliferation of certain tumor cells, effects usually attributed to the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n–3 family, which are thought to modulate cellular signaling pathways. We investigated the influence of FO on cell cycle kinetics of cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells. Exponentially growing cells were labeled with 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and analyzed by flow cytometry after 5-day treatment with exogenous fat. Bivariate BrdU-DNA analysis indicated slower progression through S phase and thus longer S phase duration time in FO- but not corn oil-treated or control cells. We hypothesize that FO treatment might interfere with spatial/temporal organization of replication origins. Therefore, we mapped the well-characterized replication origin ori-β downstream of the dihydrofolate reductase gene with the nascent strand length assay. Three DNA marker segments with known positions relative to this origin were amplified by PCR. By quantitatively assessing DNA length of the fragments in all fractions containing these markers, the location of ori-β was established. In control or corn oil-treated cells, the location of ori-β was consistent with previous studies. However, in FO-treated cells, DNA replication appears to start from a new site located farther upstream from ori-β, suggesting a different replication initiation pattern. This study suggests novel mechanism(s) by which fats affect cell proliferation and DNA replication in mammalian cells.