Intermittent hypoxia protects cardiomyocytes against ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced alterations in Ca2+homeostasis and contraction via the sarcoplasmic reticulum and Na+/Ca2+exchange mechanisms

Abstract

We have previously demonstrated that intermittent high-altitude (IHA) hypoxia significantly attenuates ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury-induced excessive increase in resting intracellular Ca2+concentrations ([Ca2+]i). Because the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and Na+/Ca2+exchanger (NCX) play crucial roles in regulating [Ca2+]iand both are dysfunctional during I/R, we tested the hypothesis that IHA hypoxia may prevent I/R-induced Ca2+overload by maintaining Ca2+homeostasis via SR and NCX mechanisms. We thus determined the dynamics of Ca2+transients and cell shortening during preischemia and I/R injury in ventricular cardiomyocytes from normoxic and IHA hypoxic rats. IHA hypoxia did not affect the preischemic dynamics of Ca2+transients and cell shortening, but it significantly suppressed the I/R-induced increase in resting [Ca2+]ilevels and attenuated the depression of the Ca2+transients and cell shortening during reperfusion. Moreover, IHA hypoxia significantly attenuated I/R-induced depression of the protein contents of SR Ca2+release channels and/or ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and SR Ca2+pump ATPase (SERCA2) and SR Ca2+release and uptake. In addition, a delayed decay rate time constant of Ca2+transients and cell shortening of Ca2+transients observed during ischemia was accompanied by markedly inhibited NCX currents, which were prevented by IHA hypoxia. These findings indicate that IHA hypoxia may preserve Ca2+homeostasis and contraction by preserving RyRs and SERCA2 proteins as well as NCX activity during I/R.