Flow down gradients: the problem of pressure in this physiology core concept

Abstract

This article addresses physiology teachers and in particular the authors of the core concept of flow down gradients. Using mean arterial pressure (MAP) as an example, we demonstrate the conceptual problems of pressure that must be considered in teaching to prevent misconceptions. Even in beginner courses, the acting pressures should be clearly distinguished (e.g., MAP vs. perfusion pressure). In advanced courses, we recommend a mathematical description of pressure (Ohm’s law and Bernoulli’s equation).