Hydrolysis of peptides within lumen of small intestine

Abstract

The quantitative significance of intraluminal peptide hydrolases in the terminal stages of peptide digestion has been investigated, and the precise origins of these enzymes have been determined. Intestinal contents and mucosae were obtained from rats anethetized with ether. Experiments carried out on pancreaticobiliary secretions and germfree rats show that pancreatic and bacterial enzymes do not contribute significantly toward the luminal digestion of dipeptides. Chemical assay data, thermostability studies, and examination of electrophoretic mobilities of luminal peptide hydrolases indicate that jejunal enzymes originate predominantly from the cytoplasm of intestinal mucosal cells, whereas the brush border of muosal cells is a major source of the enzymes in the ileum. With glycl-L-phenylalanine and L-phenylalanyl-glycine as substrates, jejunal luminal activity was less than 2.6% of mucosal activity. Brush-border peptide hydrolase activity in ileal contents, however, was 11.9% and 40.7% of mucosal brush-border activity for the two substrates. Luminal enzymes thus play an insignifcant role in the terminal digestion of peptides in the jejunum, but have a much more important role in the ileal digestion of peptides.