Author:
Bruun Jens M.,Helge Jørn W.,Richelsen Bjørn,Stallknecht Bente
Abstract
Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. This study investigated the effect of a 15-wk lifestyle intervention (hypocaloric diet and daily exercise) on inflammatory markers in plasma, adipose tissue (AT), and skeletal muscle (SM) in 27 severely obese subjects (mean body mass index: 45.8 kg/m2). Plasma samples, subcutaneous abdominal AT biopsies, and vastus lateralis SM biopsies were obtained before and after the intervention and analyzed by ELISA and RT-PCR. The intervention reduced body weight ( P < 0.001) and increased insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment; P < 0.05). Plasma adiponectin ( P < 0.001) increased, and C-reactive protein ( P < 0.05), IL-6 ( P < 0.01), IL-8 ( P < 0.05), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ( P < 0.01) decreased. AT inflammation was reduced, determined from an increased mRNA expression of adiponectin ( P < 0.001) and a decreased expression of macrophage-specific markers (CD14, CD68), IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α ( P < 0.01). After adjusting for macrophage infiltration in AT, only IL-6 mRNA was decreased ( P < 0.05). Only very low levels of inflammatory markers were found in SM. The intervention had no effect on adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 mRNA in AT or SM. Thus hypocaloric diet and increased physical activity improved insulin sensitivity and reduced low-grade inflammation. Markers of inflammation were particularly reduced in AT, whereas SM does not contribute to this attenuation of whole body inflammation.
Publisher
American Physiological Society
Subject
Physiology (medical),Physiology,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Cited by
344 articles.
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