The adipocyte: a model for integration of endocrine and metabolic signaling in energy metabolism regulation

Author:

Frühbeck Gema12,Gómez-Ambrosi Javier2,Muruzábal Francisco José3,Burrell María Angela3

Affiliation:

1. Department of Endocrinology, Clı́nica Universitaria de Navarra,

2. Metabolic Research Laboratory, and

3. Department of Histology and Pathology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain

Abstract

The ability to ensure continous availability of energy despite highly variable supplies in the environment is a major determinant of the survival of all species. In higher organisms, including mammals, the capacity to efficiently store excess energy as triglycerides in adipocytes, from which stored energy could be rapidly released for use at other sites, was developed. To orchestrate the processes of energy storage and release, highly integrated systems operating on several physiological levels have evolved. The adipocyte is no longer considered a passive bystander, because fat cells actively secrete many members of the cytokine family, such as leptin, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6, among other cytokine signals, which influence peripheral fuel storage, mobilization, and combustion, as well as energy homeostasis. The existence of a network of adipose tissue signaling pathways, arranged in a hierarchical fashion, constitutes a metabolic repertoire that enables the organism to adapt to a wide range of different metabolic challenges, such as starvation, stress, infection, and short periods of gross energy excess.

Publisher

American Physiological Society

Subject

Physiology (medical),Physiology,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

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