Serotonin-Immunoreactive CPT Interneurons inHermissenda: Identification of Sensory Input and Motor Projections

Abstract

Serotonin immunoreactive (5-HT-IR) neurons identified as cerebropleural ganglion triplets (CPTs) in Hermissenda may be homologues of 5-HT-IR neurons identified in other opisthobranch molluscs. In studies of isolated nervous systems and semi-intact preparations we used a combination of immunohistochemical techniques and fluorescent labeling with Lucifer yellow to identify 5-HT-IR CPT neurons after investigating sensory inputs and motor neuron projections. Here we show that identified 5-HT-IR CPT interneurons receive sensory input from mechanoreceptors and photoreceptors. In semi-intact preparations with intact pedal nerves P1 and P2, cutaneous stimulation of the middle or tail regions of the foot with calibrated von Frey hairs elicited spikes recorded from identified CPT interneurons. Illumination of the eyes evoked a small complex excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and resulted in a modest increase in the spike discharge of CPT interneurons. Immunostaining of Lucifer yellow–labeled neurons revealed that CPT interneurons projected an axonal process to the contralateral pedal ganglion. Depolarization of CPT interneurons with extrinsic current evoked EPSPs and spikes recorded from identified VP2 pedal neurons, motor neurons previously shown to elicit movement of the anterior foot. Extrinsic current stimulation of CPT interneurons in semi-intact preparations evoked movement of the anterior foot but did not facilitate ciliary activity or evoke PSPs recorded in identified VP1 ciliary motor neurons. Our results show that CPT neurons are polysensory interneurons that contribute to reflexive foot contractions in Hermissenda.