Ca2+ responses of pulmonary arterial myocytes to acute hypoxia require release from ryanodine and inositol trisphosphate receptors in sarcoplasmic reticulum

Abstract

In pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC), acute hypoxia increases intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) by inducing Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and Ca2+ influx through store- and voltage-operated Ca2+ channels in sarcolemma. To evaluate the mechanisms of hypoxic Ca2+ release, we measured [Ca2+]i with fluorescent microscopy in primary cultures of rat distal PASMC. In cells perfused with Ca2+-free Krebs Ringer bicarbonate solution (KRBS), brief exposures to caffeine (30 mM) and norepinephrine (300 μM), which activate SR ryanodine and inositol trisphosphate receptors (RyR, IP3R), respectively, or 4% O2 caused rapid transient increases in [Ca2+]i, indicating intracellular Ca2+ release. Preexposure of these cells to caffeine, norepinephrine, or the SR Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor cyclopiazonic acid (CPA; 10 μM) blocked subsequent Ca2+ release to caffeine, norepinephrine, and hypoxia. The RyR antagonist ryanodine (10 μM) blocked Ca2+ release to caffeine and hypoxia but not norepinephrine. The IP3R antagonist xestospongin C (XeC, 0.1 μM) blocked Ca2+ release to norepinephrine and hypoxia but not caffeine. In PASMC perfused with normal KRBS, acute hypoxia caused a sustained increase in [Ca2+]i that was abolished by ryanodine or XeC. These results suggest that in rat distal PASMC 1) the initial increase in [Ca2+]i induced by hypoxia, as well as the subsequent Ca2+ influx that sustained this increase, required release of Ca2+ from both RyR and IP3R, and 2) the SR Ca2+ stores accessed by RyR, IP3R, and hypoxia functioned as a common store, which was replenished by a CPA-inhibitable Ca2+-ATPase.