Airway inflammation in nonasthmatic amateur runners

Abstract

Elite athletes show a high prevalence of symptoms and signs of asthma, but no study has assessed the acute effects of endurance exercise on airway cells in nonasthmatic athletes. We measured exhaled nitric oxide (NO) and collected samples of induced sputum after 3% NaCl aerosol administration for 20 min in nonasthmatic middle-aged amateur runners after the Fourth Palermo International Marathon and 6–9 wk later (habitual training period) at baseline. After the marathon, exhaled NO ( n = 9 subjects) was higher [27 ± 9 parts/billion (ppb)] than at baseline (12 ± 4 ppb; P < 0.0005). Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) counts in induced sputum were much higher in runners (91.2 ± 3.6% of total cells postmarathon and 78.7 ± 9.1% at baseline) than in sedentary control subjects (9.9 ± 5.9%; P < 0.001). Expression of L-selectin and CD11b/CD18 in sputum PMNs was lower after the race than at baseline and inversely related to the amount of exhaled NO ( r = −0.66 and −0.69, respectively; P < 0.05). Our data indicate that sputum PMNs are increased in nonasthmatic runners both after a marathon and at baseline and suggest that NO may modulate exercise-associated inflammatory airway changes.