Bradykinin B2 receptor null mice harboring a Ser23-to-Ala substitution in the p53 gene are protected from renal dysgenesis

Abstract

A physiological cross talk operates between the tumor suppressor protein p53 and the bradykinin B2 receptor ( BdkrB2) during renal organogenesis. Thus, although BdkrB2 is a target for p53-mediated transcriptional activation, BdkrB2 is required to restrict p53 proapoptotic activity. We previously demonstrated that BdkrB2−/− embryos exposed to gestational salt stress develop renal dysgenesis as a result of p53-mediated apoptosis of nephron progenitors and repression of the terminal differentiation program. Compared with wild-type kidneys, BdkrB2−/− express abnormally high levels of the Checkpoint kinase (Chk1), which activates p53 via Ser23 phosphorylation. To define the functional relevance of p53S23 phosphorylation, we generated a compound strain of BdkrB2−/− mice harboring a homozygous Ser23-to-Ala (S23A) mutation in the p53 gene by crossing BdkrB2−/− with p53S23A knockin mice. Unlike salt-stressed BdkrB2−/− pups, which exhibit renal dysgenesis, homozygous S23A;BdkrB2−/− littermates are protected and have normal renal development. Heterozygous S23A;BdkrB2−/− mice have an intermediate phenotype. The p53-S23A substitution was associated with amelioration of apoptosis and restored markers of nephrogenesis and tubulogenesis. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR of terminal differentiation genes demonstrated that the S23A substitution restored normal expression patterns of aquaporin-2, Na-Cl cotransporter, Na-K-2Cl cotransporter, Na-bicarbonate cotransporter, and Sglt1. We conclude that p53 phosphorylation on Ser23 is an essential step in the signaling pathway mediating the susceptibility of BdkrB2−/− mutants to renal dysgenesis.