Effects of aerobic training on heart rate dynamics in sedentary subjects

Abstract

This study was designed to assess the effects of moderate- and high-volume aerobic training on the time domain and on spectral and fractal heart rate (HR) variability indexes. Sedentary subjects were randomized into groups with moderate-volume training ( n = 20), high-volume training ( n = 20), and controls ( n = 15). The training period was 8 wk, including 6 sessions/wk at an intensity of 70–80% of the maximum HR, lasting for 30 min/session in the moderate-volume group and 60 min/session in the high-volume group. Time domain, frequency domain, and short-term fractal scaling measures of HR variability were analyzed over a 24-h period. Mean HR decreased from 70 ± 7 to 64 ± 8 beats/min and from 67 ± 5 to 60 ± 6 beats/min ( P < 0.001 for both) for the moderate- and high-volume training groups, respectively. The normalized high-frequency spectral component increased in both groups ( P < 0.05). The normalized low-frequency component decreased significantly ( P < 0.05), resulting in a marked decrease in low frequency-to-high frequency ratio in both groups. In addition, short-term scaling exponent decreased in both groups ( P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the changes of HR variability indexes between groups. Aerobic training in sedentary subjects results in altered autonomic regulation of HR toward vagal dominance. A moderate training volume is a sufficient intervention to induce these beneficial effects.