Age- and fitness-related differences in limb venous compliance do not affect tolerance to maximal lower body negative pressure in men and women

Abstract

Aging and chronic exercise training influence leg venous compliance. Venous compliance affects responses to an orthostatic stress; its effect on tolerance to maximal lower body negative pressure (LBNP) in the elderly is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of age and fitness, a surrogate measure of exercise training, on calf venous compliance and tolerance to maximal LBNP in men and women. Forty participants, 10 young fit (YF; age = 22.6 ± 0.5 yr, peak oxygen uptake = 57.1 ± 2.0 ml·kg−1·min−1), 10 young unfit (YU; 23.1 ± 1.0 yr, 41.1 ± 2.0 ml·kg−1·min−1), 10 older fit (OF; 73.9 ± 2.0 yr, 39.0 ± 2.0 ml·kg−1·min−1), and 10 older unfit (OU; 70.9 ± 1.6 yr, 27.1 ± 2.0 ml·kg−1·min−1), underwent graded LBNP to presyncope or 4 min at −100 mmHg. By utilizing venous occlusion plethysmography, calf venous compliance was determined by using the first derivative of the pressure-volume relation during cuff pressure reduction. We found that the more fit groups had greater venous compliance than their unfit peers ( P < 0.05) as did the young groups compared with their older peers ( P < 0.05) such that OU < YU = OF < YF. LBNP tolerance did not differ between groups. In conclusion, these data suggest that aging reduces, and chronic exercise increases, venous compliance. However, these data do not support a significant influence of venous compliance on LBNP tolerance.