Resolution of smooth muscle and endothelial pathways for conduction along hamster cheek pouch arterioles

Abstract

In the cheek pouch of anesthetized male hamsters, microiontophoresis of Ach (endothelium-dependent vasodilator) or phenylephrine (PE; smooth muscle-specific vasoconstrictor) onto an arteriole (resting diameter, 30–40 μm) evokes vasodilation or vasoconstriction (amplitude, 15–25 μm), respectively, that conducts along the arteriolar wall. In previous studies of conduction, endothelial and smooth muscle layers of the arteriolar wall have remained intact. We tested whether selective damage to endothelium or to smooth muscle would disrupt the initiation and conduction of vasodilation or vasoconstriction. Luminal (endothelial) or abluminal (smooth muscle) light-dye damage was produced within an arteriolar segment centered 500 μm upstream from the distal site of stimulation; conducted responses (amplitude, 10–15 μm) were observed at a proximal site located 1,000 μm upstream. Endothelial damage abolished local responses to ACh in the central segment without affecting those to PE. Nevertheless, ACh delivered at the distal site evoked vasodilation that conducted through the central segment and appeared unhindered at the proximal site. Smooth muscle damage inhibited responses to PE in the central segment and abolished the conduction of vasoconstriction but did not affect conducted vasodilation. We suggest that for cheek pouch arterioles in vivo, vasoconstriction to PE is initiated and conducted within the smooth muscle layer alone. In contrast, once vasodilation to ACh is initiated via intact endothelial cells, the signal is conducted along smooth muscle as well as endothelial cell layers.