NO is more important than PGI2 in maintaining low vascular tone in feto-placental vessels

Abstract

The endothelial cells of the human umbilical artery and vein release the vasodilators prostacyclin [prostaglandin (PG) I2] and nitric oxide (NO). However, the role of these two substances in the maintenance of vasodilator tone in the feto-placental circulation is not known. Studies were therefore undertaken to compare the relative release of PGI2 and NO from perfused segments (10 cm) of endothelium-intact human umbilical artery (HUA) and vein (HUV) utilizing the cascade bioassay. The endothelium-denuded bovine pulmonary arterial strip was used as the detector tissue because this tissue relaxes equally to various concentrations of PGI2 and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillimine (SNAP), which acts by releasing NO. The basal release of NO from the HUA was approximately five times greater than that of PGI2. After stimulation with A-23187, the release of NO from HUV was five to six times greater, and from the HUA, the release was three times greater compared with the PGI2. SNAP was significantly more potent compared with PGI2 in relaxing endothelium-denuded rings of human umbilical and chorionic plate arteries in vitro. These studies suggest that NO is more important than PGI2 for maintenance of low vascular tone in feto-placental vessels, because there is a greater release of NO from the HUA and HUV, and NO is more potent in relaxing endothelium-denuded feto-placental vessels in vitro relative to PGI2.