Attenuated microvascular alterations in coarctation hypertension

Abstract

Arteriolar vasoconstriction, structural reductions in dilated diameter, and rarefaction have been observed in vascular beds with chronic renal hypertension. To determine their pressure or flow dependence, these functional and structural parameters were studied in the developing and chronic stages of coarctation hypertension in the cremaster muscle, a normotensive skeletal muscle bed that is protected from the effects of elevated microvascular pressures. Hypertension was produced in rats by placing a silver clip around the abdominal aorta above the branches of the renal arteries. In hypertensive rats, resting diameters were reduced in second-order arterioles after 4 and 8 wk, in third-order arterioles after 2, 4, and 8 wk, and in fourth-order arterioles after 4 and 8 wk, vs. controls. Vascular tone was elevated in second-order arterioles after 2, 4, and 8 wk and in third- and fourth-order arterioles after 8 wk in hypertensive rats. No increases in medial-intimal area were found at any stage of hypertension in any arteriolar order. The density of small arterioles (3rd-5th orders) was reduced by 20% in hypertensive rats at 8 wk but was unchanged at the other time periods. These arteriolar alterations, especially the absence of structural reductions in diameter, are attenuated compared with those observed in one-kidney, one-clip hypertension and suggest that most of the arteriolar alterations that occur in renal hypertension are pressure or flow dependent.