Functions of Adipocytokines and Link with Primary Glomerulonephritis

Abstract

Abstract Adipocytokines are substances with endocrine functions produced by adipose tissue, playing crucial roles in regulating metabolic functions and inflammatory processes. Dysregulation of fatty tissue's endocrine functions and dysregulation of the production of adipocytokines such as adiponectin, leptin, fibroblast-stimulating factor, and others can lead to a low-grade systemic inflammation and an insulin resistance in patients. These conditions contribute to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and other disorders. Conversely, these metabolic disorders exert feedback-regulatory effects on adipocytokines and their functions. Glomerulonephritis encompasses a group of immune-mediated diseases characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli. Diagnosis can involve examining urine sediment, detecting autoantibodies, and identifying immune complexes in the blood. However, a kidney biopsy is required for definitive confirmation of glomerulonephritis and is considered the gold standard and a necessity in diagnosis. Affecting the level of adipocytokines could be one of the new strategies for the pharmacological treatment of many diseases. Given a better understanding of their functions and molecular targets, adipocytokines may herald the emergence of new diagnostic approaches (1, 2). Monitoring the level of adipocytokines could contribute to a better patient management and thus become an auxiliary tool for predicting and diagnosing diseases.