Comment analyser les relations déviantes potentiellement violentes ou discriminatoires dans le spectacle sportif au stade?

Abstract

Comment analyser les relations déviantes potentiellement violentes ou discriminatoires dans le spectacle sportif au stade? Since ten years, we are witnessing a globalization and diversification of the sport event consumption as well as stadiums dedicated to their event or retransmission. Social contexts associated with this consumption have also become places of constructions and expressions of identity that arise from belonging to groups more or less organized. Although, this situation is not unique, it seems to have assumed considerable proportions in some European countries and in some sports with the emergence of violence (symbolic, verbal, physical) and discrimination (area, race, gender). However, these emergence of deviance seem linked to fans called "traditional" (mainly football) and viewers of a new genre that does not necessarily move to the stadium to support and encourage a team. Faced with these changing phenomena of deviance, based on the work on hooliganism, we wish to propose an innovative framework to study relationships between groups of spectators who travel to these stadiums and can potentially lead to reactions violent or discriminatory. Deriving the communication situation model of Brown and Fraser (1979), this framework allows the study of deviant behaviors, so viewers who sign in a scene that has its frame: "the available spaces in stands", his time "playing time", its observers: "the media and security forces", its goals: "to entertain or support a team or an athlete" and its participants: "individuals or groups interact". This framework can also consider options for a more ethical and responsible consumption of sports entertainment.