Effect of Black Mulberry (Morus nigra) Powder on Growth Performance, Biochemical Parameters, Blood Carotenoid Concentration, and Fillet Color of Rainbow Trout

Abstract

Abstract The degree of flesh pigmentation is one of the most important quality criteria dictating the fish market value. It is well known that fish, like other animals, cannot synthesize their own coloring pigments de novo, and must obtain these pigments from their diet. In this study, four levels of black mulberry (Morus nigra) juice powder (BMP) as a natural pigment source were incorporated into a basal diet at concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75% and fed to rainbow trout weighing 100±5 g for 8 weeks in triplicate. At the end of the feeding trial, the effect of BMP on growth performance, blood biochemical parameters and fillet color was examined. Fish fed BMP showed significant enhancements in weight gain (WG), specific growth (SGR), food conversion ratio (FCR), and survival rates (SR) (P<0.05). SGR, WG and SR values were increased significantly following dietary supplementation with BMP in a dose dependent manner with the highest values in fish fed 0.75%, while the FCR was decreased (P<0.05). Body crude protein, lipid, and moisture contents were increased significantly in fish fed BMP (P<0.05). Dietary BMP has significantly decreased the levels of blood ALT, AST, and glucose (P>0.05). While the blood carotenoid concentration was increased in fish fed 0.5% BMP compared to other treated groups. Fish fed BMP showed increased fillet yellowness (b*) and redness (a*), while the fillet lightness (L*) was decreased when compared to the control (P<0.05). In conclusion, diets supplemented with BMP increased the growth performance, muscle pigmentation, and health status of rainbow trout.