Relationship Between Solar Millimeter and Soft X-Ray Emissions

Abstract

Abstract The connection between solar radio and soft X-ray emission has earlier been studied at various radio frequencies. For instance, the intensity peak times during solar flares have been compared between these two wavelength regimes. It has been reported that solar radio emission peaks before soft X-ray emission during a flare. However, opposite results have also been presented. In this study, we compare millimetre (8 mm) solar and soft X-ray emissions (0.5–4 Å and 1–8 Å). The radio observations were made at Metsähovi Radio Observatory of Aalto University in Finland between 2015 and 2019. The soft X-ray data were observed with GOES-15 (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite). The data show that the solar millimetre emission can peak either before or after soft X-ray peak emission. In this study, we present two different scenarios, which could explain the peaking time differences and behaviour. The first scenario proposes a tight connection between the millimetre (8 mm) and soft X-ray emissions, the second one is for cases where the emission mechanisms are more separate.