Author:
Lajis Ahmad,Basri Mahiran,Mohamad Rosfarizan,Hamid Muhajir,Ashari Siti,Ishak Nurazwa,Zookiflie Azulia,Ariff Arbakariya
Abstract
AbstractIn this paper, enzymatic methods for the synthesis of 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one (kojic acid) esters are reviewed. Important process parameters related to the synthesis of kojic acid esters such as the type of immobilized lipase, solvent, temperature, initial water activity, water content, pH, metal salts, enzyme loading, substrates mole ratio, and acyl donors are highlighted and discussed. The properties of kojic acid esters related to their solubility, stability, cytotoxicity, depigmenting activity, tyrosinase inhibitory, metal-chelating, anti-oxidant, and other biological activities are also highlighted. At present, kojic acid and its esters are widely used in cosmetic and skin health industries as skin whitening agents. The advantages and disadvantages of various kojic acid esters are compared and possible industrial applications of these derivatives are also discussed.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Materials Chemistry,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,General Chemical Engineering,Biochemistry,General Chemistry
Cited by
19 articles.
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