Day‐to‐day Variation of the Heart Rate, Heart Rate Variability, and Energy Expenditure during FIFA 11+ and Dynamic Warm‐up Exercises

Abstract

There seems to be a scarcity in literature investigating day-to-day warm-up (WU) variations. We investigated day-to-day variation of psychophysiological responses during Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) 11⁺ and dynamic warm-up (DWU) exercises. Twenty-one male collegiate soccer players were randomly assigned to the FIFA 11⁺ (n = 10) or DWU group (n = 11). Each group performed the assigned WU protocol on three different occasions with a 48-h interval in between. The inter-day variation of the heart rate (HR), time distribution of HR zones, heart rate variability (HRV), estimated energy expenditure (EE), blood lactate (BL) concentration, and the Borg rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded. A two-way repeated measures of analysis of variance was used to compare the differences in chosen variables [group (2) × day (3)]. The coefficient of variation was used to determine the dispersion of the variables over the sessions. The interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with a two-way random model and a single measure (ICC_2,1) was used to determine inter-day reliability. There were no significant differences in time spent at particular HR zones and EE in both groups. The FIFA 11⁺ exercises showed high reliability of exercise duration, average HR (HR_average), minimal HR (HR_min), peak HR (HR_peak), and post-exercise RPE. In the DWU group, high reliability was found only in HR_average, HR_peak, and post-exercise RPE. The FIFA 11⁺ exercises showed similar EE, exercise HR patterns, BL, and RPE compared to the DWU. The FIFA 11⁺ program is an intense WU protocol with a characteristically low variation of day-to-day exercise HR and RPE responses.