Affiliation:
1. Research and Development Center, Olimp Labs , Dębica , Poland
2. Department of Sport Nutrition, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice , Katowice , Poland
Abstract
Abstract
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) has been used extensively as a dietary supplement for athletes and physically active people. HMB is a leucine metabolite, which is one of three branched chain amino acids. HMB plays multiple roles in the human body of which most important ones include protein metabolism, insulin activity and skeletal muscle hypertrophy. The ergogenic effects of HMB supplementation are related to the enhancement of sarcolemma integrity, inhibition of protein degradation (ubiquitin pathway), decreased cell apoptosis, increased protein synthesis (mTOR pathway), stimulation of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) axis and enhancement of muscle stem cells proliferation and differentiation. HMB supplementation has been carried out with various groups of athletes. In endurance and martial arts athletes, HMB supplementation revealed positive effects on specific aerobic capacity variables. Positive results were also disclosed in resistance trained athletes, where changes in strength, body fat and muscle mass as well as anaerobic performance and power output were observed. The purpose of this review was to present the main mechanisms of HMB action, especially related to muscle protein synthesis and degradation, and ergogenic effects on different types of sports and physical activities.
Subject
Physiology (medical),Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
Reference56 articles.
1. Alway SE, Pereira SL, Edens, NK, Hao Y, Bennett BT. β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) enhances the proliferation of satellite cells in fast muscles of aged rats during recovery from disuse atrophy. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48(9): 973–984
2. Arazi H, Rohani H, Ghiasi A, Davaran M. The effect of HMB supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors after four weeks of resistance training in amateur athletes Int. Cardiovasc. Res. J, 2015; 9: 89–93
3. Asadi A, Arazi H, Suzuki K. Effects of β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate-free Acid Supplementation on Strength, Power and Hormonal Adaptations Following Resistance Training. Nutrients 2017; 9(12)
4. Baier S, Johannsen D, Abumrad N, Rathmacher JA, Nissen S, Flakoll P. Year-long changes in protein metabolism in elderly men and women supplemented with a nutrition cocktail of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), L-arginine, and L-lysine. JPEN. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2009; 33(1): 71–82
5. Baxter JH, Carlos JL, Thurmond J, Rehani RN, Bultman J, Frost D. Dietary toxicity of calcium beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate (CaHMB). Food Chem Toxicol 2005; 43(12): 1731–1741
Cited by
39 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献，注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献，订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献