Lactobacillus casei (IBRC-M 10,711) ameliorates the growth retardation, oxidative stress, and Immunosuppression induced by malathion toxicity in goldfish (Carassius auratus)
Author:
Saleh Marwan Mahmood1, Hasan Saif Y.2, Al-Shawi Sarmad Ghazi3, Ali Muneam Hussein4, Hamza Thulfeqar Ahmed5, Najm Mazin A.A.6, Shichiyakh Rustem Adamovich7, Jalil Abduladheem Turki8, Narimanizad Fariborz9
Affiliation:
1. Department of Biophysics , College of Applied Sciences , University of Anbar , Iraq 2. National University of Science and Technology , An Nasiriyah , Iraq 3. Food Science Department , Agriculture College , Basrah University , Basrah , Iraq 4. Al-Nisour University College , Baghdad , Iraq 5. Medical Laboratory Techniques Department , Al-Mustaqbal University College , Babylon , Iraq 6. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department , College of Pharmacy , Al-Ayen University , Thi-Qar , Iraq 7. Department of Management , Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin , Kalinina Street 13, Krasnodar , , Russian Federation 8. College of Technical Engineering , The Islamic University , Najaf , Iraq 9. Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
Abstract
Abstract
Probiotics can functionally improve fish wellbeing and are suggested as antioxidative agents to protect fish from xenobiotics toxicity. Herein, dietary Lactobacillus casei (IBRC-M 10,711) was included in the diets of goldfish (Carassius auratus) to protect against malathion toxicity. Fish (12.47 ± 0.06 g) were randomly allocated to six groups (triplicates), as follows: T1) control; T2) fish exposed to 50% of malathion 96 h LC50; T3) L. casei at 106 CFU/g diet; T4) L. casei at 107 CFU/g diet; T5) fish exposed to 50% of malathion 96 h LC50 + L. casei at 106 CFU/g diet; T6) fish exposed to 50% of malathion 96 h LC50 + L. casei at 107 CFU/g diet. After 60 days, goldfish fed T4 had the highest final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR), and the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) among the groups (P < 0.05). However, the T2 group showed lower FBW, WG, and SGR and higher FCR than fish in T1 (P < 0.05). Fish in the T4 group had the highest blood total proteins, albumin, and globulin, while fish in T2 had the lowest levels (P < 0.05). Fish in the group T2 had the highest triglycerides, cholesterol, cortisol, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in the blood, while fish fed T4 had the lowest values (P < 0.05). The superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) showed the highest activities in T3 and T4 groups, and the lowest SOD was seen in the T2 group, whereas the lowest CAT was seen in the T2, T5, and T6 groups (P < 0.05). Fish in the T5 and T6 groups had higher glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities than fish in T1 and T2 groups but T3 and T4 groups showed the highest values (P < 0.05). T2 group had the highest malondialdehyde (MDA) level, while T3 and T4 groups had the lowest MDA level (P < 0.05). Blood immunoglobulin (Ig) and lysozyme activity were significantly higher in T3 and T4 groups and lower in the T2 group than in the control (P < 0.05). The alternative complement pathway (ACH50) was significantly higher in T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6 groups than in the T1 group (P < 0.05). Skin mucus Ig was significantly higher in T3 and T4 groups and lower in the T2 group than in the control (P < 0.05). The highest lysozyme activity, protease, and ACH50 in the skin mucus samples were in the T4 group, while the lowest values were in the T2 group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary L. casei protects goldfish from malathion-induced growth retardation, oxidative stress, and immunosuppression.
Publisher
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Reference80 articles.
1. Abarghoei S., Hedayati S. A., Ghafari Farsani H., Gerami M. H. (2015). Hematological responses of goldfish (Carassius auratus) to different acute concentrations of silver sulfate as a toxicant. Pollution, 1: 247–256. 2. Abdel-Warith A.-W.A., Younis E.M., Al-Asgah N.A., Gewaily M.S., El-Tonoby S.M., Dawood M.A. (2021). Role of fucoidan on the growth behavior and blood metabolites and toxic effects of atrazine in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758). Animals., 11:1448.10.3390/ani11051448 3. Abdo S.E., Gewaily M.S., Abo-Al-Ela H.G., Almeer R., Soliman A.A., Elkomy A.H., Dawood M.A.O. (2021). Vitamin C rescues inflammation, immunosuppression, and histopathological alterations induced by chlorpyrifos in Nile tilapia. Environ Sci. Pollut Res., 28: 28750–28763.10.1007/s11356-021-12711-5 4. Adorian T. J., Jamali H., Farsani H. G., Darvishi P., Hasanpour S., Bagheri T., Roozbehfar R. (2019). Effects of probiotic bacteria Bacillus on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, and hematological parameters of Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch). Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins., 11: 248–255.10.1007/s12602-018-9393-z 5. Bautista-Covarrubias J.C., Aguilar-Juárez M., Voltolina D., Navarro-Nava R.G., Aranda-Morales S.A., Arreola-Hernández J.O., Soto-Jiménez M.F., Frías-Espericueta M.G. (2020). Immunological response of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) to sublethal concentrations of malathion and endosulfan, and their mixture. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf., 188: 109893.10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109893
|
|