The diurnal distribution of cladocerans in a bed of Myriophyllum verticillatum in Lake Wielkowiejskie

Abstract

Abstract The main aim of the study was to analyze diurnal changes in the composition and dynamics of the cladoceran community among three stations located along a horizontal transect that included the central part of a Myriophyllum verticillatum bed at the perimeter of a macrophyte stand and the open water zone of neighboring vegetated stations. Typically littoral species distinctly dominated the material examined. Ceriodaphnia quadrangula significantly influenced the total crustacean community. The maximum abundance of littoral species was noted in the middle part of the plant stand while the minimum was in the open water. These species revealed a similar pattern of diurnal distribution, irrespective of the station, with the highest numbers at night and the lowest during the day and morning. A similar pattern of diurnal distribution was also observed for pelagic species that exhibited significant differences in the open water zone between the day (the lowest numbers) and night (the highest) samplings. It was suggested that the diurnal distribution of cladoceran representatives between the macrophyte bed and the open water zone of Lake Wielkowiejskie might have been influenced by young fish predation (pelagic species) and by typical adaptations of particular species to living within the heterogeneous habitat of a macrophyte stand (littoral species).